- Your Product Type
- Your Study Type
- Aquatic Ecotoxicology
- Aquatic Invertebrates
- OECD 202: Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test
- OECD 211: Daphnia magna Reproduction Test
- OECD 235: Chironomus sp., Acute Immobilisation Test
- OECD 218/219: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment/Spiked Water
- OECD 233: Sediment-Water Chironomid Life-Cycle Toxicity Test Using Spiked Water or Spiked Sediment
- OECD 225: Sediment-water Lumbriculus Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment
- OECD 242: Potamopyrgus antipodarum Reproduction Test
- OECD 243: Lymnaea stagnalis Reproduction Test
- Fish and other vertebrates
- OECD 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test
- OECD 215: Fish Juvenile Growth Study
- OECD 212: Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-fry Stages
- OECD 231: The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
- OECD 236: Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test
- OECD 210: Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test
- OECD 229 Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay and OECD 230 21-day Fish Assay
- OECD 240 Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test (MEOGRT)
- OECD 248: Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay
- OPPTS 850.1500: Fish Life Cycle Toxicity Test
- OÈCD 234 Fish sexual development test
- Aquatic plants
- Analytical Dose Verification
- Aquatic Invertebrates
- Chemistry
- Biodegradation Studies
- Analytical Chemistry Studies and Residues
- Physical-Chemical Properties Studies
- Storage Stability Studies
- OPPTS 830.6302, OPPTS 830.6303,and OPPTS 830.6304: Physical State, Colour and Odor at 20 °C and at 101.3 kPa
- EU A.1: Melting temperature/range
- EU A.2: Boiling temperature
- EU A.3: Relative density (liquids and solids)
- EU A.4: Vapour pressure
- EU A.5: Surface tension
- EU A.9: Flashpoint
- EU A.10: Flammability (solids)
- EU A.12: Flammability (contact with water)
- EU A.13: Pyrophoric properties of solids and liquids
- EU A.16: Relative self-ignition temperature for solids
- EU A.17: Oxidising properties
- OECD 114: Viscosity of Liquids
- Environmental Fate
- Transformation in Soil
- Transformation in Water
- Transformation in Manure
- Adsorption on Soil and Sewage Sludge
- Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration
- Terrestrial Ecotoxicology
- Non-target Arthropods
- Non-target arthropod testing with the parasitic wasp (Aphidius rhopalosiphi)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the predatory bug (Orius laevigatus)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the predatory mite (Typhlodromus pyri)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the rove beetle (Aleochara bilineata)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the carabid beetle (Poecilus cupreus)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the wolf spider (Pardosa spec.)
- Soil Organisms
- Honey Bees and other Pollinators
- OECD 213/214: Honey bees, Acute Oral and Acute Contact Toxicity Test
- OECD 245: Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.), Chronic Oral Toxicity Test (10-Day Feeding)
- OECD 237: Honey Bee Larval Toxicity Test, Single Exposure
- OECD 239: Honey Bee Larval Toxicity Test
- EPPO 170: Honey Bee Field Study – do plant protection products effect honey bee colonies?
- Oomen et al. 1992: Honey Bee Brood Feeding Study
- OECD 75: Honey Bee Brood Test under Semi-field Conditions in Tunnels
- OECD 246/247 Acute Oral and Contact Toxicity to the Bumblebee, Bombus terrestris L.
- Solitary Bee Acute Contact Toxicity Study in the Laboratory (Osmia sp.) Solitary Bee Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the Laboratory (Osmia sp.) (protocols for ringtests with solitary bees recommended by the non-Apis working group)
- SANTE/11956/2016 rev.9 Residue trials for MRL setting in honey
- Non-target plants
- OECD 208: Terrestrial Plant Test - Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test
- OECD 227: Terrestrial Plant Test - Vegetative Vigour Test
- OCSPP 850.4100: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth
- OCSPP 850.4150: Vegetative Vigor
- EPPO PP 1/207(2): Efficacy evaluation of plant protection products, Effects on succeeding crops
- Field Studies
- Non-target Arthropods
- Ecological Modelling
- Quality Assurance
- Testing of Potential Endocrine Disruptors
- Aquatic Ecotoxicology
- News
- Company
- Career
- Contact
Analytical dose verification as part of ecotoxicological / toxicological studies
The purpose of analytical dose verification accompanying terrestrial trials is to ensure that the tested organisms (e.g. non-target plants, honey bees, earth worms, collembolen, etc.) were exposed to the correct concentration of the pure active ingredient or formulated products. The dose verification is done in different matrices e.g. the application dilution /spraying solution in case of plant studies, feeding sugar solution in case of honey bee studies or soil in case of soil organisms or plant seedlings. A dedicated team of analytical chemists works together in close collaboration with our biology teams to verify the concentrations of every test substance. Ibacon has also profound experience in working together with external partners who send their samples for dose verification to our laboratories.
Study Design
Instruments
The challenge for our analytical team is to establish and adapt analytical methods which are suitable for the verification of test concentrations from e.g. several g/L down to the low µg/L range and for each matrix (solvent, sugar solution or soil). We use a wide range of analytical instruments at our disposal that allows us to analyse almost every kind of substance. Our available instruments are:
- UPLC and HPLC with UV, DAD, or ELSD detection
- LC MS-MS
- GC-MS
- GC-FID/ECD
- IC (Ion Chromatography)
- AAS
- TOC (Total Organic Carbon)
Method Development and Implementation
If a suitable analytical method cannot be provided by the sponsor, our analytical team can develop an appropriate method with the required sensitivity for the concentration range used in the biological study. Method development is carried out under non-GLP conditions. During this stage of method development an appropriate instrument and detection method is chosen (e.g. HPLC with UV detection at a specific wavelength or MS/MS detection using a specific column), along with any necessary sample preparation (e.g. dilution, filtration, centrifugation, extraction etc.).
After initial method development or implementation of a given method often the biological pre-test samples is analysed to obtain information concerning the dosing of the test substance, its stability during the test and during storage of the samples, and the suitability of the analytical method. This information is vital for choosing the appropriate test design and the appropriate analytical method for the main study. At this stage a decision is made if the development of complex sample preparation steps such as enrichment via liquid-liquid extraction or solid phase extraction or derivatisation may be necessary if the limit of quantification of the initial analytical method is not suitable.
Test Set-up
The samples (e.g. stock solutions, soil samples) will be prepared and taken by our biologists and the samples will be analyzed directly on the same day (standby analysis) or they will be stored frozen until analysis. In most cases the method validation will be performed concurrently with the preparation and analysis of the biological test sample. For validation of the analytical method usually at least two fortification levels in the respective test media (e.g. solvent or soil) will be prepared, each level consisting of at least five replicates with concentrations at least 10% higher respectively at least 10% lower than the test sample. The sample preparation (e.g. dilution, filtration, centrifugation, extraction etc.) depends on the properties of the test item, the concentrations and the matrix (e.g. solvent, soil, sugar solution).
Method Verification
The final method will be validated under GLP conditions alongside the analytical measurements of the main biological study samples. The validity of the method will be determined according to the validity criteria set out in the SANCO 3029/99 guidelines. Fortified samples are prepared to check for the precision and accuracy of the method, and various blank samples are used to confirm the absence of analytical contaminants or interferences which could have entered the samples during sampling, sample preparation, or analysis. A calibration curve across the required concentration range is also prepared to confirm the linearity of the instrument response, and to be able to quantify the test substance in the biological samples. These data will be included in the final study report.
Guidelines and Literature
- SANCO/3029/99 rev.4