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- Aquatic Ecotoxicology
- Aquatic Invertebrates
- OECD 202: Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test
- OECD 211: Daphnia magna Reproduction Test
- OECD 235: Chironomus sp., Acute Immobilisation Test
- OECD 218/219: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment/Spiked Water
- OECD 233: Sediment-Water Chironomid Life-Cycle Toxicity Test Using Spiked Water or Spiked Sediment
- OECD 225: Sediment-water Lumbriculus Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment
- OECD 242: Potamopyrgus antipodarum Reproduction Test
- OECD 243: Lymnaea stagnalis Reproduction Test
- Fish and other vertebrates
- OECD 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test
- OECD 215: Fish Juvenile Growth Study
- OECD 212: Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-fry Stages
- OECD 231: The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
- OECD 236: Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test
- OECD 210: Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test
- OECD 229 Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay and OECD 230 21-day Fish Assay
- OECD 240 Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test (MEOGRT)
- OECD 248: Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay
- OPPTS 850.1500: Fish Life Cycle Toxicity Test
- OÈCD 234 Fish sexual development test
- Aquatic plants
- Analytical Dose Verification
- Aquatic Invertebrates
- Chemistry
- Biodegradation Studies
- Analytical Chemistry Studies and Residues
- Physical-Chemical Properties Studies
- Storage Stability Studies
- OPPTS 830.6302, OPPTS 830.6303,and OPPTS 830.6304: Physical State, Colour and Odor at 20 °C and at 101.3 kPa
- EU A.1: Melting temperature/range
- EU A.2: Boiling temperature
- EU A.3: Relative density (liquids and solids)
- EU A.4: Vapour pressure
- EU A.5: Surface tension
- EU A.9: Flashpoint
- EU A.10: Flammability (solids)
- EU A.12: Flammability (contact with water)
- EU A.13: Pyrophoric properties of solids and liquids
- EU A.16: Relative self-ignition temperature for solids
- EU A.17: Oxidising properties
- OECD 114: Viscosity of Liquids
- Environmental Fate
- Transformation in Soil
- Transformation in Water
- Transformation in Manure
- Adsorption on Soil and Sewage Sludge
- Bioaccumulation and Bioconcentration
- Terrestrial Ecotoxicology
- Non-target Arthropods
- Non-target arthropod testing with the parasitic wasp (Aphidius rhopalosiphi)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the predatory bug (Orius laevigatus)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the predatory mite (Typhlodromus pyri)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the rove beetle (Aleochara bilineata)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the carabid beetle (Poecilus cupreus)
- Non-target arthropod testing with the wolf spider (Pardosa spec.)
- Soil Organisms
- Honey Bees and other Pollinators
- OECD 213/214: Honey bees, Acute Oral and Acute Contact Toxicity Test
- OECD 245: Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.), Chronic Oral Toxicity Test (10-Day Feeding)
- OECD 237: Honey Bee Larval Toxicity Test, Single Exposure
- OECD 239: Honey Bee Larval Toxicity Test
- EPPO 170: Honey Bee Field Study – do plant protection products effect honey bee colonies?
- Oomen et al. 1992: Honey Bee Brood Feeding Study
- OECD 75: Honey Bee Brood Test under Semi-field Conditions in Tunnels
- OECD 246/247 Acute Oral and Contact Toxicity to the Bumblebee, Bombus terrestris L.
- Solitary Bee Acute Contact Toxicity Study in the Laboratory (Osmia sp.) Solitary Bee Acute Oral Toxicity Study in the Laboratory (Osmia sp.) (protocols for ringtests with solitary bees recommended by the non-Apis working group)
- SANTE/11956/2016 rev.9 Residue trials for MRL setting in honey
- Non-target plants
- OECD 208: Terrestrial Plant Test - Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test
- OECD 227: Terrestrial Plant Test - Vegetative Vigour Test
- OCSPP 850.4100: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth
- OCSPP 850.4150: Vegetative Vigor
- EPPO PP 1/207(2): Efficacy evaluation of plant protection products, Effects on succeeding crops
- Field Studies
- Non-target Arthropods
- Ecological Modelling
- Quality Assurance
- Testing of Potential Endocrine Disruptors
- Aquatic Ecotoxicology
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OECD 106: Adsorption – Desorption using a Batch Equilibrium Method
The purpose of this test is to estimate the adsorption/desorption behaviour of a substance on soils. Therefore, the adsorption (binding of a chemical to surfaces of soils) of a test substance on different soil types will be evaluated. The decrease in concentration when aqueous solutions of the test item are in contact with different soil types at room temperature will be determined. The adsorption/desorption distribution coefficients (Kd, Koc, Kdes) and the Freundlich adsorption/desorption coefficients (KFads, KFdes, KF,OCads, KF,OCdes) will be calculated.
Study Design
Test setup
The test will be carried out with 14C-labelled test substance or non-labelled test substance. Typically, the test will be conducted using five different soil types representative for soils of the West-European area. The test will run using non-sterile or sterile, air-dried and fine sieved soil (≤ 2 mm) and test vessels made of glass. Two replicates will be prepared for each specific soil/solution ratio per sampling time point. In general, the test samples will be agitated by shaking. Incubation will be accomplished in the dark at a temperature of 20°C.
Course of the test
- Preliminary Test (Tier 1): In a preliminary test the soil/solution ratios and the amount of test substance adsorbed after 48 h of contact time will be determined. Both, sterile and non-sterile soil, will be used to be able to differentiate between potential biotic degradation and incomplete removal of the test item from the soil matrix.
- Adsorption Kinetics (Tier 2): The adsorption will be studied by means of adsorption kinetics at a single concentration. Equilibrium time, distribution and adsorption coefficients Kd and KOC will be determined.
- Desorption Kinetics (Tier 3): In this test phase it will be investigated whether the test item is reversibly or irreversibly adsorbed on soil. Equilibrium time and the desorption coefficient Kdes will be determined.
- Adsorption /Desorption Isotherms (Tier 3): The influence of the test item concentration on the extent of adsorption/desorption will be investigated. Five concentrations spanning a concentration range of two orders of magnitude will be used.
Analysis of the test substance and transformation products
In case of the 14C-labelled test substance the analytical methods based on LSC and HPLC coupled with UV and radio detection. LC-MS/MS can be carried out as additional analytical method. Non-labelled test substances will be determined using HPLC coupled with UV detection or LC-MS/MS method.
Special test setup
- A huge number of different soil types can be utilised.
- Depending on the costumer needs, the test can be conducted using soil provided by the Sponsor.
- Depending on the costumer needs, the test can be conducted using sewage sludge from waste water treatement plants.
Endpoints
- Adsorption/desorption distribution coefficients (Kd, Koc, Kdes)
- Freundlich adsorption/desorption coefficients (KFads, KFdes, KF,OCads, KF,OCdes)
Guidelines and Literature
- OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, No. 106, ”Adsorption – Desorption using a Batch Equilibrium Method” adopted January 21, 2000.